In some of his sculptures, Allan Houser uses abstract geometric shapes to depict his subjects rather than portraying them in realistic detail. For instance, his 1989 work Embrace is highly abstract and therefore differs strikingly from some of his other pieces in which the viewer can easily ____ familiar objects.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

During film’s early years, those who worked in the industry had a vested interest in convincing the public to embrace the new medium. As Sumiko Higashi argues, some filmmakers relied on film critics to influence the public’s _____ the world of cinema. Critics who drew similarities between film and traditional art forms, like drama, could help legitimize film as an art form.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The dinosaur displays at museums such as the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago (which has a mounted Apatosaurus skeleton among its holdings) are notable for the _____ of the research behind them—the museum staff consulted numerous sources to ensure the accuracy of the displays.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Agglomeration economies arise when multiple firms in related industries _____ an area, as with ceramic tile manufacturers and nonconstruction ceramics manufacturers in London, UK. Economists have assumed that companies cluster for the same reasons, but Giulia Faggio et al. found that factors driving agglomeration in some cases are only weakly correlated with agglomeration in others.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Today’s theater stages are frequently filled with props and scenery to immerse the audience in a play’s world. Because theatergoers have grown used to carefully designed sets, plays with few visual elements can surprise audiences. But simple, unadorned stages were likely _____ audiences in the very distant past: highly decorated and detailed sets were not common until the 1600s.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from George Eliot’s 1857 short story “The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton.” Mr. Ely is a clergyman in the town of Milby.

By the laity of Milby and its neighbourhood [Mr. Ely] was regarded as a man of quite remarkable powers and learning, who must make a considerable sensation in London pulpits and drawing-rooms on his occasional visit to the metropolis; and by his brother clergy he was regarded as a discreet and agreeable fellow. Mr. Ely never got into a warm discussion; he suggested what might be thought, but rarely said what he thought himself; he never let either men or women see that he was laughing at them, and he never gave any one an opportunity of laughing at him.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The following passage is from Mina Lancaster's 1894 novel Moorland Reverie. Grace, the protagonist, is a young artist living in the bustling city of Manchester.

As I wandered through the crowded streets of Manchester, my thoughts drifted to the canvas waiting back in my studio—untouched and blank as the new fallen snow. Amid the chaos of the city, I found myself dreaming of the wild moors of Yorkshire, where the vast, open landscapes seemed to beckon my soul. These yearnings for a quieter, more solitary place often caught me by surprise, leaving me to question whether the city’s vibrant pulse was truly where my art—and heart—belonged.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Elio Sucena and colleagues have explored how convergent evolution—a phenomenon that occurs when the same trait evolves independently in two reproductively separate lineages—can result from a genetic mechanism shared by both lineages. Meanwhile, Patricia J. Wittkopp and colleagues have investigated how convergence occurs through different genetic mechanisms, but the relative prevalence of convergence through shared and different genetic processes is still poorly understood. This motivated biologists Delbert A. Green II and Cassandra G. Extavour to evaluate both types of convergence in a single study for their 2012 paper.

Which choice best states the overall structure of the text?

The following text is from a translation of María Dueñas’s 2009 novel The Time in Between.
The narrator has just rented an apartment and is entering it for the first time.

Over the years there have been many times when my destiny has delivered me unexpected moments, unforeseen twists and turns that I’ve had to handle on the fly as they appeared. Occasionally I was ready for them; very often I wasn’t. Never, however, was I so aware of entering a new stage as I was that afternoon in October when I finally dared to cross the threshold and my steps sounded hollowly in the unfurnished apartment. Behind me was a complicated past, and in front of me, like an omen, I could see a space opening out, a great empty space that time would take care of filling up.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is from a 1798 poem The Solitary In Brazil, use of solid fuel (e.g., coal, wood) as a share of total household fuel use fell by around 70 percent between 2000 and 2019; such shifts are typically explained by appeal to the energy ladder, a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace solid fuels as incomes rise). Alemu Mekonnen and Gunnar Köhlin’s study of fuel use in Ethiopia shows this model to be reductive, however: household fuel use was heterogeneous, flexible, and influenced by several factors, including households’ cooking habits.

Based on the text, how would an advocate of the energy ladder model most likely explain the change observed in Brazil?