Module I: Reading and Writing

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The human body’s release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, is an adaptive trait meant to prepare the body for a “fight or flight” response when presented with a stressor. For instance, when cortisol, another stress hormone, is released, energy-containing molecules are made available to the body in preparation for sudden physical ______. Long ago, the human body may have exhibited this response when faced with a predator, preparing to run or fight to survive. Today, stressors are quite different, oftentimes lasting far longer than the seconds-long altercation between our ancestors and a saber-tooth tiger.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word?

1
Mark for Review
forecasting
formation
training
exertion
Katherine stood on her parents' back patio looking up at the fading Californian sunlight; it shone a bright ruby red as it slid down behind the horizon. She wondered if another fire had started, or if it was just more smog coming in from the Los Angeles basin. She turned to the south and traced the white pipes of the California aqueduct with her eyes, ______ their snaking forms up the mountain as they glowed in the fading light.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word?

2
Mark for Review
imagining
deciding
following
composing
When breeding animals of any kind, different coat colors may be more desired than others. To ensure that a breeder has offspring with the desired coat color or pattern, it is important to understand the genetic ______ of inheritance of that trait. In some cases, coat color may be as simple as one gene with a dominant allele and a recessive allele, making it very easy to predict what coat color offspring will have based on parental coat colors.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word?

3
Mark for Review
etymology
benefit
basis
desire
The following text is from John Locke’s 1690 work Second Treatise of Government
This freedom from absolute, arbitrary power, is so necessary to, and closely joined with a man's preservation, that he cannot part with it, but by what forfeits his preservation and life together: for a man, not having the power of his own life, cannot, by compact, or his own consent, enslave himself to any one, nor put himself under the absolute, arbitrary power of another, to take away his life, when he pleases.
As used in the text, what does the word “compact” most nearly mean?

4
Mark for Review
agreement
disapprobation
reproach
inequality
"You could always stay local with me," Alivia said for the first time that day. "We could all use someone with brains like you."
Sitting on the floor of her parents' house, Alivia stared down at her writing with the same ______ look she had given Madison that day. "Don't go," it asked, hoping all the other questions wrapped into that ask were understood, that they were felt. Once the water goes over the mountains, it never comes back.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word?

5
Mark for Review
understanding
enriching
pleading
edifying
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