Module I: Reading and Writing

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The Chilean volcano Calabozos is located in ______area. Therefore, the risk of loss of human life in the event of an eruption is minimal.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
1
Mark for Review
densely populated
remote
volcanic
dangerous

Contemporaries of American modernist poet H.D focused only on her important contributions to the Imagist movement in the 1920s, taking ______view of her work. However, she wrote in a variety of forms and genres, from short, lyrical works to complex, book-length poems.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

2
Mark for Review
a limited
a comprehensive
an admiring
a critical
Since the 1950s, scientists have known that rapid eye movement, or REM, occurs when someone is sleeping. Previous studies attempting to determine the meaning of these eye movements have been unsuccessful in part because these studies relied on human subjects recalling the content of their dreams. A recent study by physiologists Yuta Senzai and Massimo Scanziani has avoided this issue by studying dreaming mice instead. Their results suggest that REM is correlated to changes in direction during the dream.
Which choice best describes the function of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text?
3
Mark for Review
It names a problem in the approach taken by Senzai and Scanziani.
It introduces the difficulty that the study by Senzai and Scanziani was designed to bypass.
It presents the findings of studies done prior to the study by Senzai and Scanziani.
It clarifies how others studying REM sleep interpret the study by Senzai and Scanziani.
Electroreception is the ability of an animal to sense the flow of electricity around it by using specialized organs known as electroreceptors. Most species known to use electroreception are fish, including many sharks, elephant fishes, and eels. However, electroreception is not limited to fish. Monotremes, a group of mammals that includes the platypus and some echidnas, have electroreceptors on or near their mouths to help locate prey. There is also some evidence that bees can detect static electricity on flowers.
Which choice best describes the function of the third sentence in the overall structure of the text?
4
Mark for Review
It generalizes the phenomenon discussed beyond fishes.
It offers another explanation of electroreception that is different from the explanation of how electroreception is used by fishes.
It provides more examples of animals with electroreception.
It explains how electroreception evolved in monotremes and bees.
Text 1
An animal is said to have a theory of mind when it is able to act according to the mental states of other individuals. Psychologists David Premack and Guy Woodruff studied whether chimpanzees have such a theory of mind. They showed videos of human actors struggling with various problems. The chimpanzees were able to select photographs that showed the best tool to solve each actor's problem.
Text 2
Biologist Daniel J. Povinelli and psychologists Kurt E. Nelson and Sarah T. Boysen have argued that previous research into whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind have not adequately addressed alternative explanations for the chimpanzees' behaviors. Specifically, it may be the case that chimpanzees are following learned behaviors in a known environment, rather than applying a theory of mind in a novel situation.
Based on the texts, how would Povinelli, Nelson, and Boysen (Text 2) most likely respond to Premack and Woodruff (Text 1)?
5
Mark for Review
They would argue that nonhuman primates other than chimpanzees, such as baboons and gorillas, may also have a theory of mind.
They would argue that the chimpanzees would be able to solve the problems themselves without referencing the photographs by struggling with the situation themselves and eventually determining the correct solution.
They would encourage Premack and Woodruff to show the same videos and photographs to other nonhuman primates and compare the other nonhuman primates' reactions to the chimpanzees' reactions.
They would suggest that placing the chimpanzee subjects in novel environments, such as rooms distinct from the chimpanzees' regular enclosures, may help better ascertain whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind.
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