Module I: Reading and Writing

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Researchers have found that insects are least affected by artificial illumination when they fly under lights that are projected straight down. In contrast, lights that shine upward or that have been placed horizontally have a more influence. Which choice completes the text with the most logical or precise word or phrase?
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Mark for Review
negligible
stabilizing
soothing
pronounced
Published in 1884, Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions, is perhaps the first ever book that could be described as "mathematical fiction." A biting social commentary, it uses geometry to ____ the rigid stratification of Victorian England, particularly the low status of women. Which choice completes the text with the most logical or precise word or phrase?
2
Mark for Review
construct
defend
dispel
satirize
The human body relies heavily on electrical charges. Lightning-like pulses of energy fly through the brain and nerves and most biological processes depend on electrical ions traveling across the membranes of each cell in our body. These electrical signals are possible, in part, because of an imbalance in electrical charges that -exists on either side of a cellular membrane. Until recently, researchers believed the membrane was an essential component to creating this imbalance. But that thought was turned on its head when researchers at Stanford University discovered that similar imbalanced electrical charges can exist between microdroplets of water and air.
According the text, what is true about electrical ions?
3
Mark for Review
They can travel across membranes at an extremely high speed.
Their charges become imbalanced outside of a living cell.
They require a membrane to develop different charges.
They are unable to send signals without a membrane present.
The cosmopolitan civilization that flourished along the Swahili Coast during the Middle Ages was originally attributed to a foreign ruling class that established. outposts in East Africa. In recent decades, however, scholars including archaeologists, linguists and historians have come to see Kiswahili society as largely homegrown, with outside elements having only a marginal impact. Over hundreds of years, foreign influences were absorbed into a culture that remained predominantly African, with social systems and artistic and agricultural practices continuing to reflect local traditions.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
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Mark for Review
Kiswahili society remained uninfluenced by foreign elements for hundreds of years.
Kiswahili society was dominated by a foreign ruling class.
Kiswahili society integrated foreign elements while retaining its essential character.
Kiswahili society was traditionally centered around artistic and agricultural traditions.
To arrive at an understanding of an object's absolute size, the human visual system can take into account parts of an image that are blurred and form an estimate of spatial scale. Although these assessments are generally accurate, they are also subject to influences that can cause people to be fooled. In a 2023 study, for example, researchers presented participants with photographs of full-scale railway scenes with certain portions out of focus, as well as photographs of small- scale models of railways that were not blurred. When participants were asked to compare the images, they perceived that the blurred real trains were smaller than the models.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
5
Mark for Review
To describe how the visual system interprets images of different sizes
To explain why blurry images are perceived as larger than they truly are
To compare how the visual system processes photographs to how it processes real-life images
To present a factor that may lead visual perception to become distorted
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