Module I: Reading and Writing

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After their first album was a hit, singer Ella Fitzgerald and trumpeter Louis Armstrong collaborated to perform in concert together at the Hollywood Bowl in 1956. Attendees regarded the performance as ______ even though the venue saw a record-breaking 20,000 audience members, many reported feeling a personal connection and a sense of closeness with the sensational artists on the stage.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
1
Mark for Review
intimate
obscure
insignificant
unintelligible
During her trip to Switzerland in 1868, established nurse Clara Barton met Dr. Louis Paul Amédée Appia, a Swiss surgeon who introduced her to the Red Cross. Appia assisted Barton in finding fiscal ______ for the American branch of the Red Cross. With his help and their funding, Barton founded the American Red Cross in May of 1881.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
2
Mark for Review
subsidiaries
opponents
companions
benefactors
The writing of Iraqi American poet Dunya Mikhail has been largely inspired by her ______ feelings about her home country: in many of her pieces, she expresses a deep love for her birthplace but laments the violence and war that eventually led her to flee.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
3
Mark for Review
logical
ambivalent
celebratory
monotonous
In the early-to-mid-1900s, negative pressure ventilators, or iron lungs, were widely used by doctors. However, with the invention of the modern ventilator, most medical professionals began to ______ the usefulness of the iron lung. A major drawback of the machine was that the patient was not able to be easily transported when attached to it.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
4
Mark for Review
demonstrate
applaud
scrutinize
imitate

Text 1
Traditional theories about the origin of human cooperation focused on the role of natural selection in the development of cooperative behaviors in all social animals, including humans. Over a period of many thousands of years, cooperation emerged as an adaptation in many animals because cooperation helped animals survive by allowing them to share resources and protect themselves from predators.
Text 2
In a recent book, anthropologist Richard Wrangham argues that humans, unlike other animals, evolved to be cooperative by purposefully restricting the breeding opportunities of the most aggressive males to create a species that was more docile and less violent. Wrangham cites physical changes in the human body, such as a decrease in size, a decrease in canine tooth size, and an increase in brain size, as evidence of a self-domestication process that helped humans to thrive.
Based on the texts, how would Wrangham (Text 2) most likely respond to the “traditional theories” presented in Text 1?
5
Mark for Review
By contesting the idea that the evolution of cooperation shares striking commonalities among all cooperative species
By admitting the significance of natural selection but emphasizing the greater importance of physical changes in humans
By questioning the assumption that cooperation is an adaptation that promotes survival in animal species
By agreeing that natural selection played a similar role in the evolution of cooperation in both humans and other animals
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