In 2023, a sudden outbreak of a rare fungal infection spread rapidly through several regions, causing widespread concern among health officials and the public. Despite the alarming situation, Dr. Thompson's team remained ______, working tirelessly to develop effective treatments and containment strategies to curb the spread of the infection.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Cell division is a fundamental process in biology, essential for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms. Mitosis, a type of cell division, ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. This highly regulated and orderly process stands in contrast to other cellular activities that might be more ______. While mitosis follows a precise sequence of phases, ensuring genetic consistency, other processes within the cell can exhibit varying degrees of organization and control.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

 B.F. Skinner, a renowned psychologist, conducted a series of experiments that have had a profound impact on the field of behaviorism. His work with operant conditioning, where behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment, is considered _______. Skinner's experiments with pigeons and rats demonstrated the power of reinforcement in shaping behavior, and his findings continue to influence psychological practices and theories to this day.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Temperature regulation is a critical aspect of survival for many species. In extreme environments, such as the Arctic, maintaining a stable internal temperature becomes a significant challenge. According to climate scientist Dr. Emily Thompson, the adaptations seen in Arctic animals are a testament to evolutionary ingenuity. These adaptations not only ensure survival but also provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of temperature regulation. While these adaptations are fascinating, researchers often face severe difficulties when conducting fieldwork in such harsh conditions. The extreme cold can affect both the equipment and the researchers themselves, making data collection a formidable task.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion?

The following text is adapted from a scientific article on dark matter. Dark matter is an elusive substance that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. Scientists have proposed various theories and conducted numerous experiments to understand its properties and distribution in the universe.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is from an article on the importance of keystone species in ecosystems.

Keystone species are those which have an exceptionally large impact on their environment relative to their abundance. Their presence helps to maintain the structure and integrity of the ecosystem, and their removal can lead to significant changes and even collapse of the ecosystem.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Text 1

Harald Hardrada, a legendary Viking king and warrior, is celebrated for his daring expeditions and conquests. Hardrada's ventures, such as his campaigns in England and the Mediterranean, are renowned for their boldness and strategic brilliance. Despite the inherent risks, Hardrada believed that the true purpose of exploration was to achieve glory and expand Viking influence.

Text 2

Leif Erikson, a renowned Norse explorer, while acknowledging Hardrada's contributions, presents a differing view. Erikson argues that the aggressive nature of Hardrada's expeditions often led to unnecessary conflicts and dangers. He believes that exploration should primarily aim to discover new lands and establish peaceful settlements.

Based on the texts, how would Leif Erikson (Text 2) most likely respond to Harald Hardrada's belief about the 'true purpose of exploration' discussed in Text 1?

In Margaret Atwood's 'The Testaments,' the narrative is split between three women: Aunt Lydia, Agnes, and Nicole. Aunt Lydia, a high-ranking official in Gilead, provides insight into the inner workings of the regime. Agnes, raised in Gilead, and Nicole, who grew up in Canada, represent the contrasting experiences of women inside and outside the theocratic society. The novel explores themes of power, resistance, and the complexity of moral choices in a dystopian world.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Effia's marriage to James Collins, a British colonizer, had profound effects on her lineage. This union, though controversial, allowed her descendants to gain access to education and opportunities previously unavailable to them. Over generations, Effia's family rose to prominence, navigating the complexities of colonial and post-colonial Ghana.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The Marshall Plan, officially known as the European Recovery Program, was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe. The United States provided over $12 billion (equivalent to approximately $130 billion in 2021) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was designed to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism by stabilizing the economies of European countries and fostering international cooperation. Professor James Langley argues that the Marshall Plan was instrumental in promoting international cooperation and rebuilding trust among European nations.

Which of the following, if true, would most directly support Professor Langley's argument?