Module I: Reading and Writing

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Wireless headphones and other small electronic devices sometimes use batteries that can’t be taken out and swapped for new ones. Environmental policy researcher Jessika Richter warns that once these internal batteries stop working, the devices become _____ and are typically thrown away, creating harmful waste.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
1
Mark for Review
useless
valuable
familiar
attractive
It is hardly an exaggeration to characterize modern Hawaiian literature as having _____ the traditional stories of the Kānaka Maoli, the Native Hawaiian people. In a variety of ways, Samuel Kamakau, Kūhiō Kekaulaʻōiwi, and other acclaimed writers have drawn on these stories to craft a rich portrait of the Hawaiian Islands and their people.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
2
Mark for Review
brooded on
supplanted
anticipated
derived from
The following text is from Charles Chesnutt’s 1905 novel The Colonel’s Dream. Mr. French and Mr. Kirby work together.
Mr. French, the senior partner, who sat opposite Kirby, was an older man—a safe guess would have placed him somewhere in the debatable ground between forty and fifty; of a good height, as could be seen even from the seated figure, the upper part of which was held erect with the unconscious ease which one associates with military training.
As used in the text, what does the word “placed” most nearly mean?
3
Mark for Review
Estimated
Contracted
Adapted
Arranged
The Dhaka Stock Exchange in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a dedicated exchange for investing in companies operating in Bangladesh, ensuring those companies receive certain regulatory oversight. Knowing this can _____ potential investors’ worries about bureaucratic minutiae and thereby allow them to instead focus on identifying sound business opportunities.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
4
Mark for Review
amplify
designate
convey
assuage
Shedding light on the thermal biology of fungi, research by Radamés Cordero et al. indicates that certain mushrooms (including Marasmius capillaris and species from the genus Russula) can achieve a hypothermic state through evaporative cooling. Effects of this thermoregulation were not limited to the fungi’s fruiting bodies and root-like hyphae: temperature reductions were observed in the air immediately surrounding the mushrooms. Though slight, the reductions inspired an air-cooling device: using approximately 400 grams of mushrooms, the team’s prototype lowered the air temperature in a controlled environment by 10°C in forty minutes.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
5
Mark for Review
It presents a tangential finding about thermoregulation in certain fungal species that the experiment described later in the text was designed to explain.
It provides empirical evidence to bolster the claim made earlier in the text that certain fungal species maintain a hypothermic state.
It identifies an unexpected observation that motivated the study of evaporative cooling in fungi that is discussed earlier in the text.
It establishes a finding central to the text’s discussion of a practical application resulting from the team’s study of fungal thermal biology.
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