In an oligopoly, a few dominant firms control the market. These firms often find it beneficial to _______ their pricing strategies to maximize profits. This behavior can lead to higher prices for consumers and reduced competition in the market.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The philosopher's treatise examined the psychological distinction between genuine moral imperative and mere velleity, arguing that ethical frameworks lacking mechanisms to translate theoretical commitments into practical action inevitably devolve into performative virtue rather than substantive social transformation.

As used in this sentence, "velleity" most nearly means

In a closed system, the total energy remains constant, a principle known as the conservation of energy. When a ball is dropped from a height, its potential energy is gradually converted into kinetic energy as it falls. Upon reaching the ground, the ball has its maximum kinetic energy and minimum potential energy. This energy transformation is a classic example of how energy can change forms but is never lost. However, in the real world, some of this energy is inevitably lost as heat due to air resistance and friction, demonstrating the unavoidable impact of __________.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Ecologist Dr. Maria Sanchez made a groundbreaking discovery in 2005 when she identified a new pathway in the nitrogen cycle, which is crucial for soil fertility and plant growth. This discovery was initially met with skepticism, as the pathway involved previously unknown microbial processes. Despite the initial doubts, further research confirmed that these processes were indeed significant in nitrogen cycling. This discovery revolutionized our understanding of soil ecosystems and earned Dr. Sanchez numerous accolades, though some of her collaborators were controversially excluded. Dr. Sanchez's work paved the way for advancements in sustainable agriculture and has had a lasting impact on environmental science.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The following text is adapted from the novel, 'Cultural Tapestry'. In this scene, Aisha and Miguel, two friends from different cultural backgrounds, are discussing their traditions. 'My family celebrates the Lunar New Year with a big feast,' Aisha said, smiling. 'It's a time for us to come together and honor our ancestors.' Miguel nodded, 'In my culture, we have a similar celebration called Día de los Muertos. It's a way for us to remember and celebrate our loved ones who have passed away.'

Which choice best states the main idea of the selected text?

Plants have evolved a variety of structures to adapt to their environments. The roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The stem supports the plant and transports nutrients and water between the roots and leaves. The leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis, where sunlight is converted into energy for the plant. Additionally, flowers and fruits play crucial roles in reproduction and seed dispersal.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion?

Text 1

Critics often argue that the octopus's intelligence is overstated and that their problem-solving abilities are merely instinctual behaviors rather than signs of true cognitive function. They claim that attributing high intelligence to octopuses is a result of anthropomorphism.

Text 2

Marine biologist Dr. Emily Carter argues that the octopus's intelligence is a remarkable example of cognitive evolution in invertebrates. She believes that their problem-solving skills and ability to navigate complex environments are clear indicators of their advanced mental capabilities.

Based on the texts, how would Dr. Emily Carter (Text 2) most likely respond to the criticism of the octopus's intelligence (Text 1)?

In Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's novel Americanah, the protagonist Ifemelu navigates the complexities of identity and race as she moves from Nigeria to the United States. Her blog, which she starts as a way to document her experiences, becomes a platform for discussing race and culture. While her blog gains popularity among readers of diverse backgrounds, Ifemelu often feels disconnected from both her Nigerian roots and her new American life. This duality of belonging and alienation is a central theme in the novel, highlighting the challenges of adapting to a new culture while maintaining one's original identity.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion?

Claire Pendleton, a British expatriate in Hong Kong during the 1950s, profoundly influenced the lives of her students through her piano lessons. Her unique teaching style, characterized by a blend of strict discipline and emotional support, helped her students achieve remarkable progress. Claire's impact extended beyond individual students, fostering a deeper appreciation for Western classical music within the local community. Despite facing numerous challenges, her dedication to teaching and her students' success left a lasting legacy in the musical landscape of Hong Kong.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Economists studying the market dynamics in the central region have traditionally believed that the economy was composed of small, isolated businesses with minimal interaction and development. Recently, Dr. Emily Thompson and her team employed advanced satellite imagery to analyze the region's commercial landscape from above. They discovered significant evidence suggesting a more complex and interconnected market than previously thought.

Which finding from the satellite imagery, if true, would most directly support Dr. Thompson and her team's conclusion?