Neil deGrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, is one of the most _____ voices in the field of science today. His knack for making complex scientific theories accessible to the general populace has made him a beloved figure in popular culture. Tyson's role as the host of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, a continuation of Carl Sagan's groundbreaking series, has further cemented his reputation. His lucid explanations and charismatic delivery have expanded public interest in science, making the wonders of the universe more comprehensible to millions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Interruptions in the supply chain for microchips used in personal electronics have challenged an economist’s assertion that retailers can expect robust growth in sales of those devices in the coming months. The delays are unlikely to ______ her projection entirely but will almost certainly extend its time frame.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 1953, a controversial manuscript surfaced purporting to be a lost play by William Shakespeare. Scholars were divided on its origin, with many finding it difficult to _______ the writing style to that of Shakespeare's known works. Despite extensive analysis, the manuscript's legitimacy remained in question.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Astronomer Jocelyn Bell Burnell made a groundbreaking discovery in 1967 when she detected the first radio pulsars, which are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation. This discovery was initially met with skepticism, as the regular pulses of radiation were unlike anything previously observed in space. Despite the initial doubts, further observations confirmed that these pulses were of celestial origin and not due to terrestrial interference. This discovery revolutionized our understanding of the universe and earned Antony Hewish, Bell's thesis supervisor, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974, though Bell was controversially excluded. Bell's discovery paved the way for numerous advancements in astrophysics and has had a lasting impact on the field.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The following text is adapted from Mikhail Bulgakov's novel, The Master and Margarita. Woland, a mysterious foreigner, is speaking to Berlioz and Ivan about Jesus Christ. 'Never was there a more unfortunate and more cruel execution,' said the foreigner, and his voice trembled with indignation. 'But this execution was the most extraordinary thing. The real horror is that it absolutely had no cause, either legal or moral. He was sentenced for no reason at all.'

Which choice best states the main idea of the selected text?

The diet of ancient Greeks has often been romanticized as uniformly healthy and balanced, but recent studies reveal a more nuanced picture. According to archaeologist Dr. Helen Simmons, urban areas in ancient Greece had access to a wider variety of foods, including fresh fruits, vegetables, and fish from the Mediterranean Sea. While such diversity in diet was common in cities, rural inhabitants mainly relied on staples such as grains and legumes, supplemented occasionally by meat. Despite these differences, both urban and rural Greeks developed a variety of culinary techniques to make the most of their available resources.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion?

Text 1

Vladimir Mayakovsky, a renowned Russian poet, was often criticized for his unconventional style of writing and his challenging attitudes towards established norms. His unique poetic form, which did not adhere to traditional patterns, was seen as an attack on the literary establishment.

Text 2

Literary critic John Smith argues that Mayakovsky’s style was not an attack, but rather a reflection of his individualistic approach to poetry. He believes that Mayakovsky’s disregard for traditional forms was not a sign of disrespect, but rather an expression of his creative freedom.

Based on the texts, how would John Smith (Text 2) most likely respond to the criticism of Mayakovsky’s style (Text 1)?

The history of ancient China is rich with innovation and cultural advancements. For centuries, China has been credited with numerous inventions and developments that significantly influenced the world. One notable invention is paper, which revolutionized communication and record-keeping. According to historian Li Xiaoxuan, the invention of paper in the Han dynasty allowed for the widespread dissemination of knowledge and literacy. However, while such advancements were primarily available to scholars and the elite, common people often relied on oral traditions and bamboo slips for record-keeping. This innovation helped solidify China’s role as a cradle of civilization and contributed to its lasting legacy.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion?

Amedeo Modigliani, an Italian painter and sculptor, profoundly influenced modern portraiture. His innovative style, characterized by elongated necks and faces, departed from traditional portraiture, evoking an emotional depth not previously explored. Modigliani's work, though not widely recognized during his lifetime, has since garnered worldwide acclaim. His unique approach to portraiture has spurred artists to explore beyond conventional formats and techniques in their work, enriching the field of modern portraiture.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Estate taxes, also known as death taxes, are levied on an individual's estate or the total value of money and property, after their death. Critics argue that estate taxes are unfair as they amount to double taxation; once when the individual earns the money, and again after death. However, proponents believe that these taxes prevent the perpetuation of wealth inequality. A recent study by economist Paul Krugman suggests that estate taxes may actually stimulate economic growth by forcing the wealthy to reinvest their wealth back into the economy, rather than hoarding it.

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support Krugman's suggestion that estate taxes stimulate economic growth?