Isaac Newton, a physicist who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, undoubtedly made a profound impact on science, but his place in our historical memory is perhaps more _______ than that of Albert Einstein, whose theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of the universe, an achievement for which he will long be celebrated.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Ricardo Miro, considered the national poet of Panama, holds a distinct position in the country’s literary history. His influence is _______ throughout his extensive body of work, which spans various themes. Miro’s poetry, imbued with a deep sense of patriotism and an acute awareness of social issues, has shaped the national identity of Panama. His seminal work, Patria, is lauded as a literary masterpiece, encapsulating the spirit of the Panamanian people and their struggles. Miro’s contributions to Panamanian literature have been instrumental in fostering a rich literary culture in the nation.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In the preface to her critical compilation Echoes of Dissent: Voices from the Margins in 20th Century Literature, Dr. Marjorie Rennison delineates a perceptible evolution in the thematic tenor of postcolonial narratives over the decades. She highlights the shift from the __________ subversive undertones of early 20th-century literature, which often cloaked their critiques in allegory and metaphor, to the strident and unambiguous indictments found in the writings of the latter half of the century, where authors unabashedly critiqued imperial legacies.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Scholarly accounts of J.M. Barrie's "Peter Pan"—a play and novel that has captivated audiences with its themes of childhood and adventure—often emphasize the whimsical, fantastical elements of Neverland, such as flying children and magical creatures. This focus can make the story seem purely an escapist fantasy. However, literary critic Jane Doe has shown that, if we shift our focus to the darker undertones and the complex character of Peter Pan, we see a narrative that grapples with themes of abandonment, the loss of innocence, and the fear of growing up.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The following text is adapted from Frances Hodgson Burnett's 1911 novel 'The Secret Garden.' Mary, a young girl, has discovered a hidden garden and has been secretly tending to it. It was the sweetest, most mysterious-looking place anyone could imagine. The high walls which shut it in were covered with the leafless stems of roses which were so thick, that they matted together. 'They are like a curtain of beautiful tangled branches,' said Mary. There were other trees in the garden, and one of the things which made the place look strangest and loveliest was that climbing roses had run all over them and swung down long tendrils which made light swaying curtains.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from Charles Dickens's Bleak House. A young woman named Esther Summerson describes her feelings about the city. "I have grown accustomed to the grandeur of the city, but not to the mire and dirt. I think of it as a distant place where people are busiest who have the least purpose or enjoyment and where the tired workers, who seem to my mind to have been born tired, are ‘going home’ to such a home as I have had in my childhood."

Which choice best encapsulates the central theme of the passage?

Text 1

Albert Bierstadt, a member of the Hudson River School, was known for his astounding landscapes. His work was considered significant as it captured the raw, untamed beauty of the American West. Bierstadt's paintings became a representation of the American identity, with his depictions of the frontier symbolizing the country's potential for growth and prosperity.

Text 2

Art historian Julia Friedman argues that Bierstadt's work goes beyond just depicting the American landscape. According to her, his paintings are a visual commentary on the socio-political climate of the time. His depictions of the frontier, she asserts, carry symbolic meanings, reflecting the federal government's policies and the popular sentiment towards westward expansion.

Based on the texts, how would Julia Friedman (Text 2) most likely respond to the “significance” of Bierstadt's work discussed in Text 1?

In the enchanting poem "In Twilight Realms" by Lyra Selene, the poet vividly describes the interplay between nature and the cosmos.

In the enchanting poem "In Twilight Realms" by Lyra Selene, the poet vividly describes the interplay between nature and the cosmos. 

In twilight realms where shadows merge with light, 

A silent symphony plays in the night; 

Each star a note in an endless score, 

Whispers of cosmos from ancient lore. 

In verdant fields where time gently treads, 

Each petal's hue a story that spreads; 

Nature's soft murmurs in the breeze, 

A tapestry of life that none can seize. 

Through these verses, a journey we take, 

In every line, a world to awake; 

Poetry's power, in essence, is to bind 

The heart and soul, the cosmos and mind.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

In J.R.R. Tolkien's 'The Lord of the Rings', the character of Frodo Baggins evolves significantly throughout his journey. Initially depicted as an unassuming hobbit, Frodo is thrust into a world of immense challenge and peril when he inherits the One Ring. His transformation is marked by moments of courage, despair, and insight. A clear illustration of his transformation is evident when he ______. This pivotal moment is contrasted against his earlier hesitation and the relative comfort of his life in the Shire, highlighting the depth of his personal growth and the weight of his newfound responsibility.

Which choice most effectively uses a quotation from 'The Lord of the Rings' to illustrate the claim?

Remy de Gourmont, a prominent French writer, was widely known for his unique philosophical ideas. He postulated that individualism stemmed from the unique combination of experiences one encounters, rather than being inherent. To support his theory, Gourmont compared individuals with similar backgrounds and found variations in their individualistic tendencies. He proposed that the differences were due to unique experiences rather than innate characteristics. His theory sparked widespread discussions and debates in the philosophical circles of his time.

Which of the following, if true, would most directly undermine Gourmont’s theory of individualism?