Module I: Reading and Writing

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The following text is adapted from Jhumpa Lahiri’s 2003 novel The Namesake. Gogol is an elementary school student in Massachusetts.
In art class, his favorite hour of the week, he carves his name with paper clips into the bottoms of clay cups and bowls. He pastes uncooked pasta to cardboard, and leaves his signature in fan brush strokes below paintings.
As used in the text, what do the words “carves” and “leaves” both most nearly mean?
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Mark for Review
Marks
Passes
Turns
Follows

The sloping tile roofs and picturesque façade of Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo in Carmel, California, are enduring symbols of the Spanish contribution to Californian architecture. Elements of this style have been reproduced throughout the state—the design of Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, for example, is considered to _______ the style of the Spanish missions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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Mark for Review
renovate
imitate
neglect
reject
In a garden, ______ the spread of unwelcome weeds such as nutgrass can be difficult because weeds usually spread easily and quickly become unmanageable, making it hard to remove them completely.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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Mark for Review
retrieving
saving
halting
pretending
Certain features are almost always included in the designs of mosques, like the minaret (or tower), which is considered to be a ______ of mosque architecture. Even mosques that exhibit elements of multiple architectural styles, such as the Shah Jahan Mosque, which incorporates elements from the Mughal, Safavid, and Timurid styles, will also include several of these standard features.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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Mark for Review
hallmark
reception
motivation
duplicate
Benjamin Prud’homme and colleagues have explored how convergent evolution—a phenomenon that occurs when the same trait evolves independently in two reproductively separate lineages—can result from a specific mechanism shared by both lineages. Meanwhile, Patricia J. Wittkopp and colleagues have investigated how convergence occurs through different genetic mechanisms, but the relative prevalence of convergence through shared and different genetic processes is still poorly understood. This mixed pattern highlights a point raised by Dierick A. Green and Cassandra G. Estavour to evaluate both types of convergence in a single study for their 2012 paper.
Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
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Mark for Review
It provides examples of how a phenomenon was studied by scientists in the field before Green and Estavour’s study.
It gives a basic description of a phenomenon that is central to the discussion that follows.
It clarifies a concept that the author implies was unclear in the studies mentioned in the text.
It introduces a method of scientific analysis that is discussed in greater detail later in the text.
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