Module I: Reading and Writing

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While some biologists cite the biological species concept (Mayr 1942), others adhere to the genotypic cluster species concept (Mallet 1995), with at least fourteen other concepts used across the field. Such lack of consensus, however, isn’t necessarily cause for alarm. Scholars supporting a pluralist approach—in place of a single, monistic concept—to defining a species ______ that a diversity of species concepts fits their equally diverse applications throughout the discipline.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
1
Mark for Review
to argue
argues
is arguing
argue
Adriana Briscoe is a biologist at UC ______ conducts research on insects.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
2
Mark for Review
Irvine. Where she
Irvine. She
Irvine she
Irvine, she
While some researchers have identified the planet Kepler-705b as potentially habitable, it's unlikely that humanity will be able to take advantage of its favorable conditions anytime soon—it's 903 light years away. ______ humanity must first focus on making planets within our solar system more habitable.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
3
Mark for Review
Likewise,
For example,
Instead,
Next,
The Clouds is a 423 BCE play by Aristophanes, originally written in ancient Greek. At the time, professional intellectuals called sophists taught paying customers a variety of subjects and sometimes engaged in what would now be described as research. Aristophanes satirizes sophists' practices and views as foolish, as seen when the character ______
Which choice most effectively uses a quotation from a translation of The Clouds to illustrate the claim?
4
Mark for Review
Strepsiades encourages his son to learn to be a sophist, saying, “Go, I entreat you, dearest of men, go and be taught.”
Strepsiades, after taking lessons from a sophist, says to his son, “Approach, that you may know more; and I will tell you a thing, by learning which you will be a man. But see that you do not teach this to any one.”
Socrates, a sophist, explains why he studies astronomy while sitting in a basket hanging a few feet off the ground, saying, “I should not have rightly discovered things celestial if I had not suspended the intellect, and mixed the thought in a subtle form with its kindred air.”
Socrates, a sophist, says to a customer, “You straightaway forget whatever you learn. For what now was the first thing you were taught? Tell me.”
Scientists recently created a model to predict how increasing pest activity will affect future mammal population sizes in US national forests. Unfortunately, when the model is applied to large forests, its predictions for large-mammal populations are too high, and when applied to small forests, its predictions for small-mammal populations are too high. Salmon-Challis National Forest in Idaho is a large forest, covering more than 4 million acres. If used to evaluate the effect of increasing pest activity on this forest in ten years, the model would likely therefore ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
5
Mark for Review
reflect factors affecting large mammals other than increasing pest activity.
overestimate the actual population sizes of large mammals.
ignore the predator-prey relationships between large and small mammals.
exaggerate the effect of increasing pest activity on small mammals.
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