The Gleaners, painted in the realist style by Jean-François Millet, depicts peasants picking stray wheat from a field after the harvest. The realists’ emphasis on accurately portraying the experiences of average working people was largely a rejection of the romantic style evident in many paintings by Paul Delaroche, which instead ______ their subjects’ beauty or heroism while hiding all imperfection.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The minor planet 1061 Paeonia was named after the plant genus that includes peonies. But most minor planets are given only an identification number, largely due to there being over 500,000 such bodies known at present. So while the task of finding a unique name for each minor planet was _____ when few had been discovered, so many minor planets have since been discovered that the task has become nearly impossible.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The term “agglomeration economies” refers to the economic benefits enjoyed by firms in the same industry that _____ in a region. For example, in the computer manufacturing industry in the United Kingdom, firms that locate near one another can more readily take advantage of increased potential for information sharing among firms that fosters greater technological innovation.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In the decades after Mexico won its independence from Spain, literature became a medium through which the new nation _____ its autonomous identity, with authors like Manuel Payno and Justo Sierra Méndez helping to shape what would become a distinctly Mexican literary tradition.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Researchers examining data from the New Horizons space probe, which passed Pluto in 2015, were puzzled by a 27-mile-long crater on Pluto’s icy surface. Although Pluto is mostly covered in frozen methane and nitrogen, the surface near the crater seemed to show the presence of water ice and ammonia—both of which are associated with eruptions from ice volcanoes.

Additionally, the shape and appearance of the crater did not suggest that it was formed by impact.

Based on this evidence, scientist Dale Cruikshank and his team hypothesized that the crater was likely once a massive ice volcano.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Text 1:

In the past, music albums were created to be played back on physical formats like records. A typical record holds only about twenty-five minutes of music on each of its shiny black sides. This forced artists and producers to think carefully about what music to include on an album and what to leave out. Today’s artists don’t have to worry as much about fitting their music on physical formats. For this reason, many of today’s artists are making albums that are much longer than albums from decades past.

Text 2:

In today’s digital age, most music is created to be streamed from online services. These services remove the limitations of physical formats like records and CDs. This may be why many new albums are longer and have more songs than albums crafted for physical formats. Unfortunately, many of these longer albums suffer from a lack of focus.

Based on the texts, the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about many new albums?

It has long been thought that the original author of the US Pledge of Allegiance was Francis Bellamy, who said that he wrote the pledge one evening in August of 1892. But a historian recently discovered a newspaper article that was published several months before August 1892. The article describes students reciting the same pledge that Bellamy claims he first wrote in August. This means that Bellamy may not have created the pledge after all.

Based on the text, what piece of knowledge about the Pledge of Allegiance has recently become uncertain?

 Sheep and macaque monkeys can see in three dimensions (3D), which helps them perceive distance and depth. Octopuses and squid are thought to lack 3D vision. Many researchers once thought the same about cuttlefish, but Trevor Wardill and his team wanted to test whether this assumption was true. The team studied how cuttlefish wearing 3D glasses reacted to 3D images of shrimp (a favorite prey) projected on a tank wall. Cuttlefish changed their striking position to match the 3D images, suggesting that their vision is more like that of sheep and macaque monkeys than that of octopuses or squid.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

 The following text is from Anthony Trollope’s 1855 novel The Warden. Tom Towers is a writer for the newspaper The Jupiter.

It is true that in far-off provinces men did not talk daily of Tom Towers but they read The Jupiter, and acknowledged that without The Jupiter life was not worth having. This kind of hidden but still conscious glory suited the nature of the man. He loved to sit silent in a corner of his club and listen to the loud chattering of politicians, and to think how they all were in his power,—how he could smite the loudest of them, were it worth his while to raise his pen for such a purpose.

What does the text most strongly suggest about Tom Towers?

 Life Among the Paiutes is an 1882 autobiographical narrative by Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, a Northern Paiute author, educator, and activist. In the work, Winnemucca directly addresses the reader to explain certain customs, writing _____

Which quotation from Life Among the Paiutes most effectively illustrates the claim?