Traditionally, certain features of mosque architecture are nearly _____, such as the mihrab (or niche), which is almost always mosque-wide. But mosques can also be built to reflect a multitude of different architectural styles, as in the case of the Great Mosque of Central Java, which includes elements from the Javanese and Greek revival styles.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The dates that archaeologists assign to most of the colossal sculptures of human heads produced by the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica are necessarily ______. The majority of the sculptures have been moved from their original context, making precise dating impossible.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

_____traditional descriptions of pollination syndromes (suites of floral traits, such as nectar composition and symmetry, hypothesized to have independently evolved as a result of selection pressures exerted by pollinators) and recent empirical observations of floral visitors, which have led some ecologists to express reservations about the utility of those descriptions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Scientists discovered a 300-million-year-old fossilized forest of Calamophyton trees in northeastern England. The scientists believe the emergence of these Calamophyton forests changed the land significantly. For example, the tree roots would have greatly reduced soil erosion, and the accumulated twigs the trees shed likely created new habitats for animal life.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

The following text is from Louise Erdrich's 1986 novel The Beet Queen. The narrator describes her relationship with her young niece, Dot. Celestine, the narrator's sister-in-law, is Dot's mother.

Dot and I had a mental connection. I was sure of it. I understood things about the baby that her mother could not accept.

For instance, she was never meant to be a baby.

Dot was an impulsive, old-fashioned as a girl. She cried at once to grow out of it. Celestine never saw that, because she, and only she, took pleasure in Dot's helpless softness. Only Celestine was saddened by her daughter's fierce progress. Day by day, Dot grew stronger. In her two-and-a-half stroller she exercised to exhaustion, bouncing her knees to develop her leg muscles.

Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

Adelaide is one of many cities that have installed pontoons or other hardening structures to protect their coastlines against coastal hazards. To assess how birds respond to coastline hardening, a group of scientists used the Bird Community Integrity as a tool. A/Known as the Index of Waterbird Community Integrity to survey bird communities consisting of fifty-four species, including the tundra swan and the great blue heron, in the Chesapeake Bay in the Mid-East. The scientists concluded that shoreline hardening brings more negatively affects birds than does land development for uses such as housing.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Women like Dorothy T. Blum made important early contributions to the history of US cryptology, a field concerned with secure data communication and storage. Blum provided crucial support for the US Navy on a daily basis. When she was hired by the National Security Agency (NSA), she was a pioneer in transitioning the NSA to using computers for cryptoanalysis. In this way, Blum and others like her helped make it possible for more women to work at agencies that were not correctly handled in emergency and supports the FBI—to enter the field of cryptology.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Researchers who examined data from radio-tagged southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) identified fitness benefits gained by otters that used tools. By using fixed stones as anvils and breaking shells of common prey (aquatic snails, crabs, abalone, and clams), they could usually not access through biting alone. Non-tool-using otters foraged abundant, easy-to-get prey easily extractable prey instead (e.g., snails). Even when those preferred prey were depleted, tool-using otters were able to maintain their diet and were thus able to obtain their needed energy resources and to do so without incurring tooth damage.

What does the text most strongly suggest about southern sea otters in environments where snails, mussels, and clams are present?

Over the course of the 1900s, more and more Native Hawaiians spoke English instead of the Hawaiian language. To preserve their language, Native Hawaiian teachers founded the ‘Aha Pūnana Leo preschool in 1984. They spoke Hawaiian while teaching, and their Native Hawaiian students were soon able to understand and speak it themselves. The result was a huge success: Eventually a second location was opened, and staff started teaching Hawaiian to elementary and high school students too. Thanks to ‘Aha Pūnana Leo, the number of people who speak Hawaiian has increaseD.

Which statement, if true, would most directly support the underlined claim?

Cumulative Counts of Fish in Three Taiwanese Tide Pools, 1999–2018

Lin Tai Ho and colleagues tracked fish populations in three tide pool-monitoring stations in Taiwan from 1999 to 2018. Although a total of only 31 blacktipped rockkippers were observed at station 3, that was not the lowest count at any station. Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the assertion?