Louisa May Alcott contributed A Modern Mephistopheles to the No Name Series, a collection of novels published anonymously between 1876 and 1887. The series challenged readers to guess authors’ identities, reflecting the era’s fascination for literary mystery. This ______approach to publishing allowed Alcott to experiment beyond her established style.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Though copies of The Adventures of Indiana Jones in Wenceslas Square in Prague on January 16, 1989—an underground computer game that was created anonymously in 1989 as an act of political protest against the authoritarian regime of what was then Czechoslovakia—were originally distributed ______, the game is now readily available online for anyone to play.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In their study of caterpillars in fragmented forests (formerly contiguous forests that have been broken into isolated patches by roads or other interruptions), Riley M. Anderson et al. stress that although fragmentation inevitably ______ alterations to local ecological processes, the changes will likely have a greater impact on Nola triguetrana, a specialist feeding on a limited number of plant species, than on a species like Himella intractata that feeds on several.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Yuen Yuen Ang et al. argue that merely tallying the number of patents filed per year ______ the degree of innovation occurring: truly novel patents—those, like a 2011 patent for an automated navigation system for planes, that combine previously unaffiliated technological domains—are vastly outnumbered by nonnovel patents (e.g., a 2008 patent for a method of making soup).
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Magical realism, a style that weaves fantasy into realistic narratives, coalesced in Latin America in the 1960s. It is associated with Gabriel García Márquez, whose One Hundred Years of Solitude is a key text. The style was embraced by Mexican American writers, such as Ana Castillo, whose So Far from God draws on Mexican folktales as a source of fantasy. Yet The Mixquiahuala Letters, also by Castillo, features no fantastical plot events. And despite his popular reputation, García Márquez himself wrote several works of strict realism, including Chronicle of a Death Foretold.
Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence?

Text 1: Sidebells wintergreen (Orthilia secunda) plants are native to Alaska, where harsh conditions have historically impeded potential invasive species. As the boreal climate has warmed in recent decades, however, Siberian peashrub (Caragana arborescens) plants have established themselves in Alaska. Previous research conducted in non-boreal ecosystems has documented warming-induced increases in summer temperatures benefiting invasive species more than native species.
Text 2: At a site near Fairbanks, Alaska, Christa Mulder and Katie Spellman tracked O. secunda and C. arborescens, along with other native and invasive species, over several years. They observed that although average summer temperatures were substantially higher in some years of the study than in others, neither O. secunda nor C. arborescens showed any significant variation in summer growth patterns from year to year.
Which choice best describes the relationship between the two texts?

Linguist John McWhorter asserts that translation apps for smartphones and computers are—despite generally failing to convey many nuances—increasingly obviating the need to learn new languages. Advances in language processing technology have greatly boosted the utility of these apps for perfunctory tasks, like inquiring about an item on a menu, and passing interactions; be that as it may, richer communication (e.g., in business dealings or meaningful personal exchanges) often hinges on conversational patterns and gradations of meaning.
What does the text most directly suggest about translation apps?

Optimal foraging theory (OFT) holds that animals’ foraging behaviors reflect cost-benefit trade-offs that vary by species and with dynamic ecological circumstances. One such circumstance is lunar intensity, which Mary V. Price and colleagues found to be negatively associated with foraging by white-throated woodrats but Simon Kenneth Bearder and colleagues found to be positively associated with foraging by Mohol bushbabies. This discrepancy is explicable in terms of OFT: the bushbabies’ greater reliance on vision means that higher lunar intensity benefits them more than it benefits the woodrats.
Information in the text best supports which statement about Mohol bushbabies?

Effect of Various Soil Treatments on Mean Pineapple Fruit Weight and Size

Soil treatment	Weight (grams)	Length (cm)	Diameter (cm)
Control	825.9	6.14	13.63
Biochar	915.7	6.56	13.63
Compost	864.8	6.15	13.22
Biochar and compost	979.3	6.76	13.68
Biochar and NPK fertilizer	1032.1	6.78	13.96

Working in Ghana, Emmanuel Hanyabul and colleagues compared the impact on pineapple growth of different combinations of soil additives, including NPK fertilizer (an inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), organic compost, and biochar (a carbon-rich material produced from organic waste matter). Based on data in the table, pineapple farmers with no access to inorganic soil additives would likely increase the weight and size of their fruits by the greatest amount by using ______.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Percentages of New Year's Resolution Makers Who Make Certain Kinds of Resolutions

Type of resolution	Age 18-29	Age 30-49	Age 50-64	Age 65+
Health and exercise	79	80	79	76
Finances	68	63	56	47
Personal relationships	63	53	58	52
Hobbies	65	53	51	45

A Pew Research Center survey conducted in January 2024 found that three out of ten US adults make at least one New Year’s resolution (a promise for the year ahead), while half of those who make a resolution make more than one. The survey asked participants what kinds of resolutions they made and separated them into several categories. The table presents percentages of people who make particular kinds of New Year’s resolutions among those who choose to make them, indexed by age bracket.
Which choice best presents a conclusion about the habits of New Year’s resolution makers that is best supported by information in the text and the table?