Although oil shocks—such as the 90% rise in oil prices from August to October of 1990—can strongly affect individual consumers, Gbadebo Oladosu and colleagues have shown that at the level of national economies, their effects are often quite ______ blank. The effect of recent oil shocks on the gross domestic product of Australia, for example, was only slightly greater than zero. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The recovery program led by Marisel López-Flores has dramatically increased the population size of the endangered Amazona vittata, the endemic parrot of Puerto Rico. Given that A.vittata corresponds in physiology, behavior, and ecology to endangered Amazona species elsewhere in the Caribbean, the conservation approach developed by López-Flores may be ______ blank across the genus.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Steiger Butte Drum, a family ensemble from the Klamath Tribes of the Pacific Northwest, collaborated with composer Michael Gordon to create Natural History, a work featuring traditional drumming and vocals alongside an orchestra and chorus. Steiger Butte Drum's participation is ______ blank to the piece: members not only contributed to its composition but also must be included in all performances. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Susan Glaspell's 1917 play The People. Oscar, a writer at a newspaper called The People, is writing at a table when a woman enters the office to speak to the editor. THE WOMAN: This is the office of The People? OSCAR: Um-hum. THE WOMAN: (Excitedly.) I came to see the author of those wonderful words.OSCAR: (Rising.) Which wonderful words? THE WOMAN: About moving toward the beautiful distances. OSCAR:(Loses interest and returns to his writing.) Oh. Those are Mr. Wills' wonderful words. THE WOMAN: Could I see him? OSCAR: He isn't here yet. He's just back from California. Won't be at the office till a little later. Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Vertical gene transfer involves the transmission of genetic material from a parent to offspring; horizontal gene transfer, on the other hand, involves the exchange of genetic material between organisms not in a parent-offspring relationship. While horizontal gene transfer is common among prokaryotes—single-celled organisms, such as the bacteria Comamonas aquatica and Massilia timonae—it has rarely been observed among eukaryotes (multicellular organisms). However, new studies suggest that horizontal gene transfer is more common in eukaryotes than originally thought. Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Some researchers posit that the species inhabiting the South Pacific I sland of Grande Terre belong to clades that predate the island's split from remnants of the former supercontinent Gondwana around 80 million years ago. A study conducted by Jesús Gómez-Zurita et al. found, however, that the crown age (the age of the most recent common ancestor of all living and extinct species in the clade) of the clade of flea beetles on Grande Terre is 12.8 million years; Gómez- Zurita et al. further found that the crown age of the clade of flea beetles in the South Pacific generally is also approximately 12.8 million years. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Text 1 In a seminal 1979 study, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky presented students and college faculty from Israel, Sweden, and the United States with hypothetical questions involving financial decisions. Finding that participants' responses indicated that losses have a greater psychological impact than equivalent gains do, the researchers formulated the concept of loss aversion, which has since informed research in fields ranging from finance to law. Text 2 Dana Zeif and Eldad Yechiam conducted an experiment in which study participants from five countries were exposed to financial choices that involved potential losses of either relatively minor sums of money, such as 20 US dollars (low-stakes contexts), or more substantial sums, such as 100 US dollars (high-stakes contexts). The researchers concluded that only the latter contexts were associated with loss aversion. Based on the texts, how would Zeif and Yechiam (Text 2) most likely respond to Kahneman and Tversky's finding (Text 1)?

The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse is a 2001 novel by Ojibwe writer Louise Erdrich. It explores how historical events affect families on a reservation in rural North Dakota.The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse is typical of Erdrich's work. Her writing usually focuses on portrayals of everyday life in Ojibwe communities. Yet some of her novels have fantastical plots and take place outside Ojibwe communities. For example, her 1991 novel The Crown of Columbus is essentially adventure fiction, and the thrilling events in its plot are set largely on a Caribbean island. According to the text, what is one way that The Crown of Columbus differs from most of Erdrich's work?

Lin-Manuel Miranda’s 2015 hip-hop musical Hamilton depicts historical political figure Alexander Hamilton as a self-made man who, through sheer determination, transcends his humble origins to become a key participant in the founding of the United States. This depiction of Hamilton establishes him as a compelling and well-defined protagonist but obscures other facets of the historical person’s views, namely his elitism and mistrust of the democratic politics of some of his contemporaries. In effect, the musical's portrayal of Hamilton fails to convey the ideological complexity that a more nuanced portrayal might have suggested. The text most strongly suggests that particular aspects of Hamilton’s political beliefs may have been omitted from the musical in part to achieve which effect?

For each data category, the following bars are shown: pecans, walnuts, almonds. The data for the 4 categories are as follows: 2016/17: pecans: $2.59, walnuts: $0.93, almonds: $2.39. 2017/18: pecans: $2.33, walnuts: $1.25, almonds: $2.53. 2018/19: pecans: $1.75, walnuts: $0.68. 2019/20: pecans: $1.84, walnuts: $0.95, almonds: $2.45. The US Department of Agriculture’s Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook is a document that covers a variety of subjects... The student wishes to determine in which season walnuts reached their lowest price. Consulting the graph, the student finds that this season was the ______ blank. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?