Traditionally, certain features of mosque architecture are nearly _______ such as the mihrab (or niche), which almost all mosques include. But mosques can also be built to reflect a multitude of different architectural styles, as in the case of the Great Mosque of Central Java, which includes elements from the Javanese and Greek revival styles.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The dates that archaeologists assign to most of the colossal sculptures of human heads produced by the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica are necessarily ______. The majority of the sculptures have been moved from their original context, making precise dating impossible.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Traditional descriptions of globalization sometimes make it sound like a trend, such as server migration and economic hyperinflation, to have developed independently and as a result of a separate processes. However, sociologists such as Tariq Elvan demonstrated that careful text reexamination have led some ecologists to express reservations about the utility of these descriptions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Scientists discovered a 390-million-year-old fossilized forest of Calamophyton trees in modern-day England. The scientists believe the emergence of these Calamophyton forests changed the land significantly. For example, the tree roots would have helped to greatly reduced soil erosion, and the accumulated fallen leaves likely created new habitats for animal life.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

The following text is from Louise Erdrich's 1986 novel The Beet Queen. The narrator discusses her relationship with her young niece, Dot. Celestine, the narrator's sister-in-law, is Dot's mother.

Dot and I had a mental connection, I was sure of it. I understood things about the baby that her mother could not accept. For instance, she was never meant to be a baby. Dot was so impatient with babyhood as I. She tried at once to grow out of it. Celestine never saw that, because she, and only she, took pleasure in Dot's helpless softness. Only Celestine was saddened by her daughter's fierce progress. Day by day, Dot grew stronger. In her shopping-cart stroller she exercised to exhaustion, bouncing for hours to develop her leg muscles.

Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

Adelaide is one of many cities that have installed pontoons or other hardening structures to protect their shorelines against coastal hazards. To assess how birds respond to shoreline hardening and other landscape alterations, Diana Prosser et al. used a tool known as the Index of Waterbird Community Integrity to survey bird communities consisting of sixty-four species, including the tundra swan and the great blue heron, in the Chesapeake Bay on the US East Coast. The researchers concluded that shoreline hardening more negatively affects birds than does land development for uses such as housing.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Women like Dorothy T. Blum made important early contributions to the history of US cryptology, a field concerned with secure data communication and storage. Blum provided cryptological services for the US Army in the 1940s and then joined the National Security Agency (NSA.. She was a pioneer in transitioning the NSA to using computers for cryptoanalysis. In this way, Blum and others like her helped make it possible for more women—such as Maureen Baginski, who currently works in intelligence and supports the FBI—to enter the field of cryptology.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Researchers who examined data from radio-tagged southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) identified fitness benefits gained by otters that used tools. By using fixed stones as anvils, tool-using otters gained access to high-quality, hard-shelled prey (e.g., mussels and clams) that they could usually not access through biting alone. Non-tool-using otters foraged abundant, energy-poor, easily extractable prey instead (e.g., snails). Even when easily processed prey were depleted, tool-using otters that processed mussels and clams were then able to obtain their needed energy resources and to do so without incurring tooth damage.

What does the text most strongly suggest about southern sea otters in environments where snails, mussels, and clams are present?

Over the course of the 1900s, more and more Native Hawaiians spoke English instead of the Hawaiian language. To preserve their language, Native Hawaiian teachers founded the ʻAha Pūnana Leo school in 1984. They spoke Hawaiian while teaching, and their Native Hawaiian students were soon able to understand and speak it themselves. The school was a huge success. Eventually it opened locations around Hawaiʻi and started teaching Hawaiian to elementary and high school students too. Thanks to ʻAha Pūnana Leo, the number of young people who speak the language has increased.

Which statement, if true, would most directly support the underlined claim?

Cumulative Counts of Fish in Three Taiwanese Tide Pools, 1999-2018

Lin-Tai Ho and colleagues tracked fish populations in three tide pool-monitoring stations in Taiwan from 1999 to 2018. Although a total of only 31 blackspotted rockskippers were observed at station 3, that was not the lowest count at any station.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the assertion?