The following text is from Lilliam Rivera's 2020 novel Never Look Back. The text describes the narrator's friend Pheus, a young musician, after finishing a performance during a church service. Pheus pulls a handkerchief from his back pocket and wipes his forehead. I mime a quiet clap for him. He does a slight bow and flashes his dimples. This is where Pheus truly shines. When Pheus is in front of an audience, it's as if he becomes another person, a more heightened version of himself. As used in the text, what does the word "truly" most nearly mean?

Native Hawaiian fiber artist Marques Hanalei Marzan creates art using the techniques of lauhala weaving. Lauhala weaving is a traditional Hawaiian art form that uses leaves of the hala tree. Often, Marzan doesn't have a specific ______ what the final product will look like when he starts a new piece. Instead, he makes up his designs as he weaves, allowing inspiration to take him in unexpected directions. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In a study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, participants with clinically typical eyesight were shown a drawing of a broken line, with the break in the line situated in a blocked part of their field of vision. The participants still perceived the line as continuous, suggesting that when visual information is incomplete, the brain can ______ in what is missing. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Shirley Jackson's 1951 novel Hangsaman. Natalie was leaving for her first year in college a week after her brother went back to high school; sometimes twenty-one days resolved itself into three weeks, and seemed endless; sometimes it seemed a matter of minutes slipping by so swiftly that there would never be time to approach college with appropriate consideration, to form a workable personality to take along. As used in the text, what does the word "consideration" most nearly mean?

The Marsalis family is often referred to as "the first family of jazz." Four of the children of celebrated pianist Ellis Marsalis Jr. went on to become performers who are also critically acclaimed: drummer Jason, trombonist Delfeayo, saxophonist Branford, and trumpeter Wynton. Wynton notably went on to become the first jazz composer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music (for his oratorio Blood on the Fields). Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

Community science, which involves professional scientists collaborating with members of the public to study a topic, is often an effective and engaging way to conduct research. It can increase the amount of data researchers can collect, offer insight into the daily life of a scientist, and spark youth interest in science. This approach was essential to the success of biologist Abbigail Merrill and colleagues' study of how weather relates to a butterfly's flower choice, which included findings from hundreds of students and community members in northwestern Arkansas. Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Text 1 : Scientists can learn a lot about the Hispaniolan ground sloth and other prehistoric sloths from their fossils. But it can be hard to study sloths alive today. In the wild, the Linnaeus's two-toed sloth and other sloths spend most of their time in trees. They're difficult to observe because of their excellent camouflage and slow movements. Text 2: Rebecca Cliffe and other scientists can now record the previously hidden activities of tree-dwelling sloths by using a backpack monitor. Such monitors can provide information to correct misconceptions. It was long believed that sloths are slow because of laziness. But, in fact, sloths' slow movements are useful. Being slow protects them from predators with keen eyesight. The author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 both discuss which topic?

Humans aren't the only ones who use tools. Other animals also find tools helpful. Octopuses use two halves of a seashell to provide protection or a place to hide. And despite sometimes being thought of as simple, many birds make clever use of tools as well. New Caledonian crows are well known for creating hooks and spears from twigs. Furthermore, palm cockatoos have been observed using leaves to pad their beaks when opening nuts. According to the text, what are New Caledonian crows known for?

Women like Minnie McNeal Kenny made important early contributions to the history of US cryptology, a field concerned with secure data communication and storage. Kenny worked for the National Security Agency (NSA) and received the NSA's two highest awards. She also held administrative positions at the National Cryptologic School. In this way, Kenny and others like her helped make it possible for more women—such as Anna Lysyanskaya, who currently works in and teaches digital cryptography—to enter the field of cryptology. According to the text, what is the relationship between Kenny and Lysyanskaya?

Optimal foraging theory (OFT) holds that animals' foraging behaviors reflect cost-benefit trade-offs that vary by species and with dynamic ecological circumstances. One such circumstance is lunar intensity, which Mahmoud-Reza Hemami and colleagues found to be negatively associated with foraging by Iranian jerboas but Deborah J. Curtis and colleagues found to be positively associated with foraging by mongoose lemurs. This discrepancy is explicable in terms of OFT: the lemurs' greater reliance on vision means that higher lunar intensity benefits them more than it benefits the jerboas. Information in the text best supports which statement about OFT?