Module I: Reading and Writing

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Text 1:
The land that became Grande Terre island split from remnants of the former supercontinent Gondwana approximately 80 million years ago, carrying Gondwanan biota with it, and experienced periodic submersion until 37 million years ago. Some researchers posit that the island's current biota includes members of Gondwanan clades (i.e., clades predating the split) that persisted by seeking temporary refuge on nearby islands during submergence events.
Text 2:
In a recent study, Prashant Sharma and Gonzalo Giribet found that the crown age—the age of the most recent common ancestor of all species in the clade (i.e., the clade’s founder)—is 48.9 million years for Grande Terre's clade of harvest spiders. Most of the island's extant biota belong to clades with younger crown ages, however: Jérôme Murienne et al. found that the crown age of Grande Terre's clade of cockroaches is 2.7 million years, for example.
Taken together, Text 1 and Text 2 best support which statement about the clades of harvest spiders and cockroaches on Grande Terre?
1
Mark for Review
The clade of harvest spiders must have originated on Gondwana, but the clade of cockroaches may or may not have.
Both the clade of harvest spiders and the clade of cockroaches originated elsewhere and colonized Grande Terre.
Neither the clade of harvest spiders nor the clade of cockroaches originated on Gondwana.
The clade of harvest spiders originated before Grande Terre split from Gondwana, whereas the clade of cockroaches originated after the split but before the periodic submergence events began.
Radamés Cordero et al. have confirmed that twenty mushroom species (including Coprinellus micaceus and species from the genus Russula) maintain subambient temperatures in both their fruited bodies and their mycelium (the root-like hyphae from which the fruited bodies grow), though the benefits of this hypothermic behavior are unclear. Noting that relative coldness was more pronounced in fruiting than in nonfruiting sites of the mycelium—a difference that persisted even after fruited bodies were detached—the researchers speculate that thermoregulation in the mycelium may influence reproductive success.
Which statement about the mycelium of the twenty mushroom species is best supported by the text?
2
Mark for Review
Variation in thermoregulation across the mycelium may occur independent of the presence or absence of fruited bodies.
The correlation between higher mycelium temperature and greater fruit productivity indicates that successful reproduction may be dependent on thermoregulation in the mycelium.
Temperatures in the fruiting areas of the mycelium are lower than in the nonfruiting areas due to differences in the depth and spread of the mycelium within soil or other organic matter.
The mycelium generally maintains temperatures lower than those of the fruited bodies even when considering temperature variations between fruiting and nonfruiting sites.
Uncle Vanya: Scenes from Country Life in Four Acts is an 1898 play by Anton Chekhov, originally written in Russian. In the play, Professor Serebrakoff and his wife Helena have come to stay at their country estate, which Vanya manages with the help of Sonia, the professor’s daughter from a previous marriage. Chekhov portrays Vanya as feeling underappreciated by the professor, as is evident when ___.
Which quotation from a translation of Uncle Vanya most effectively illustrates the claim?
3
Mark for Review
Vanya says to Professor Serebrakoff, “For twenty-five years I have managed this place [the estate], and have sent you the returns from it like the most honest of servants, and you have never given me one single word of thanks for my work, not one—neither in my youth nor now.”
Professor Serebrakoff says to Helena, “Of course I see that it is foolish for me to live so long, but wait! I shall soon set you all free. My life cannot drag on much longer.”
Vanya says to Professor Serebrakoff, “We used to think of you as almost superhuman, but now the scales have fallen from my eyes and I see you as you are! You write on art without knowing anything about it. Those books of yours which I used to admire are not worth one copper kopeck. You are a hoax!”
Vanya says to himself, “I was proud of [Professor Serebrakoff] and of his learning! I received all his words and writings as inspired and now? Now he has retired, and what is the total of his life? A blank!”
Highest-Grossing Films in a Language Other than English at US Box Office
TitleLifetime gross earningsOpening weekend box office gross earningsUS release dateDirectorOscar nominated?
Eat Drink Man Woman$7,294,403$155,512August 3, 1994Ang LeeYes
Huevos: Little Rooster's Egg-cellent Adventure$9,080,818$3,424,702September 4, 2015Gabriel Riva Palacio Alatriste and Rodolfo Riva Palacio AlatristeNo
Instructions Not Included$44,467,206$7,846,426August 30, 2013Eugenio DerbezNo
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon$128,078,872$663,205December 8, 2000Ang LeeYes
Few of the most commercially successful films in US movie theaters are in a language other than English. One journalist claims that to overcome what director Bong Joon-ho calls "the one-inch-tall barrier of subtitles," it is essential for a film to receive an Oscar nomination: non-English language films that are not given this public indication of high quality will struggle to find an audience compared with those that do receive Oscar nominations.
Which choice best describes data from the table that weaken the journalist's claim?
4
Mark for Review
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, which was recognized by the Oscars, had lower opening weekend earnings but higher lifetime earnings than Huevos: Little Rooster's Egg-cellent Adventure, which was not recognized by the Oscars.
Instructions Not Included was not recognized by the Oscars but had higher lifetime earnings than Eat Drink Man Woman, which was recognized by the Oscars.
Although the opening weekend earnings were $7,846,426 for Instructions Not Included and $3,424,702 for Huevos: Little Rooster's Egg-cellent Adventure, neither film was recognized by the Oscars.
Although both Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Eat Drink Man Woman were recognized by the Oscars, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon had higher lifetime earnings.
"The Monster" is an 1898 story by Stephen Crane. In the story, the character of Jim, a young boy, is playing in his yard while his father mows the lawn; while playing, Jim accidentally damages a peony (a flower). Crane emphasizes Jim's energy and his distracted absorption in his play by writing ___.
Which quotation from "The Monster" most effectively illustrates the claim?
5
Mark for Review
"[Jim] went on to the lawn, very slowly, and kicking wretchedly at the turf. Presently his father came along with the whirling machine, while the sweet, new grass blades spun from the knives."
"Jim could do no reparation. He looked again towards his father."
"[W]hen [Jim] swung around the curve at the flower-bed, a wheel of his cart destroyed a peony."
"Little Jim was, for the time, engine Number 36, and he was making the run between Syracuse and Rochester. He was fourteen minutes behind time, and the throttle was wide open."
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