Module I: Reading and Writing

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Neuroscientist Jared C. Horvath and his colleagues warn television consumers that their memory could be impacted by their preference for binge-watching. According to the researchers, binge-watching television can negatively impact retention of details in comparison to viewing television shows over a more drawn-out period of time. To test this theory, students conducted a study in which they split participants into three groups to view the same television show, beginning with the first episode. Each group watched the series using one of three different approaches: daily episode viewing, weekly episode viewing, or binge-watching all the episodes in a row.
Which finding from the students’ study, if true, would most strongly support Horvath’s hypothesis?
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Mark for Review
On average, participants found the television show more entertaining with daily episode viewing than weekly episode viewing.
On average, participants found the television show more entertaining with binge-watching than with weekly episode viewing.
On average, participants who were on a daily or weekly episode viewing schedule found it easier to recall details about the show than those who binge-watched.
On average, participants who were on a binge-watching viewing schedule found it easier to recall details about the show than those who watched daily.
The following text is adapted from Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein. The unnamed creature made by Victor Frankenstein reflects on his characteristics.
I was, besides, endued with a figure hideously deformed and loathsome; I was not even of the same nature as man. I was more agile than they and could subsist upon coarser diet; I bore the extremes of heat and cold with less injury to my frame; my stature far exceeded theirs. When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, then, a monster, a blot upon the earth, from which all men fled and whom all men disowned?
According to the text, what is true about the creature?
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Mark for Review
He wishes for the pleasure of human companionship.
He is aware of how his differences may isolate him from others.
He chooses a solitary life over human relationship.
He takes pride in his physical superiority over humans.
Previous lab research has found that the scents of mice infected with malaria make them more attractive to mosquitoes. Penghua Wang and his colleagues hypothesized that other mosquito-borne viruses can also change a mouse’s scent to make the mouse more attractive to mosquitoes. To investigate this, they tested mice infected with either the dengue or Zika virus, and then they examined whether mosquitoes were more attracted to the infected mice or to healthy mice.
Which finding from the test, if true, would most strongly support Wang and his colleagues’ hypothesis?
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Mark for Review
Mosquitoes flew toward the infected mice in lower numbers than mosquitoes that flew toward uninfected mice.
Mosquitoes flew more toward the mice infected with the dengue virus than to the mice infected with the Zika virus.
Mosquitoes flew toward the infected mice and the uninfected mice in about the same numbers.
Mosquitoes flew in greater numbers toward the infected mice than toward the uninfected mice.
By drawing water into a chamber in its large claw and then snapping the claw shut, a pistol shrimp can produce bubbles that, when popped, create a powerful shockwave that stuns nearby prey. However, these shockwaves do not harm the shrimp themselves, which hide in burrows, waiting to stun fish and other crustaceans. To explain this phenomenon, scientist Alexandra Kingston and colleagues studied pistol shrimp and noted that these shrimp have an orbital hood, a helmet-like exoskeleton covering their brain. Finding the feature unique to snapping shrimp, Kingston hypothesized that they are protected from shockwave trauma by their orbital hoods, leaving them unaffected by the damaging sound.
Which finding, if true, would most directly undermine Kingston’s hypothesis?
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Mark for Review
Pistol shrimp with orbital hoods left intact quickly return to their burrows after they snap their large claw without catching any prey.
Pistol shrimp whose orbital hoods were surgically removed are less disoriented than their prey after snapping because they are protected by their burrows.
Pistol shrimp that have had their orbital hoods surgically removed are unaffected by the powerful shockwaves that stun the prey.
Pistol shrimp that have had their orbital hoods left intact change the frequency and volume of their snaps depending on the type of prey.
Often found in law, documents that are "incorporated by reference" are secondary documents that are mentioned but not included as part of the original statute or regulation, requiring judges who want to access these texts to locate them first. Associate professor of law D. R. Jones asserts that while such documents contain important information for those who interpret the law, they can be time-consuming to find; the need for judges to retrieve pertinent information before making appropriate rulings could therefore _____
Which choice most logically completes the text?
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Mark for Review
delay the resolution of legal cases.
increase the accuracy of judicial decisions.
reduce the reliance on secondary sources.
simplify the process of statutory interpretation.
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