Module I: Reading and Writing

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The number of monarch butterflies has been steadily declining due to multiple factors, including a loss of natural habitat and the corresponding loss of sustenance resources. Milkweed is required by the migrating monarchs as a site to lay their eggs, since milkweed is the primary source of food for the caterpillars that emerge. While there are over 100 species of milkweed in North America, only one quarter of them are considered host plants for monarch butterflies.
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Monarch butterflies have been forced to find new food sources.
The loss of milkweed is a threat to monarch butterflies.
Several species are threatened by the disappearance of milkweed.
Monarch butterflies are central to the health of a variety of ecosystems.
The original House of Fabergé was a jewelry company founded by Gustav Fabergé in 1842 in Imperial St. Petersburg. Soon after, Russian Emperor Alexander III commissioned a jeweled egg from Fabergé as an Easter gift for his wife, Empress Maria Feodorovna. The royal family was so pleased that an additional ten eggs were produced during the reign of Alexander III; later, Alexander’s son Nicholas II had forty more of the precious eggs made. Fabergé jewelers produced two more of them every year—one for Nicholas’ mother and one for his wife Alexandra—ultimately creating a 50-egg set known as the “Imperial Easter Eggs.”
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Alexander III led an extravagant lifestyle, though Nicholas II was a more influential emperor.
The House of Fabergé is most notably known for producing a collection of jeweled eggs for the Russian royal family.
Fabergé jewelers collaborated with Nicholas II to produce a variety of luxury objects such as the “Imperial Easter Eggs.”
The House of Fabergé was founded with the financial backing of the Russian royal family.
In the early 1920s, Doane Robinson determined that large-scale carvings would attract tourists to his home state of South Dakota. He contacted monument sculptor Gutzon Borglum, who came to South Dakota several times and, in 1925, found the sheer rock surface of Mount Rushmore to be a suitable site. Initially, Robinson wanted the sculpture to feature Western heroes like Buffalo Bill Cody; however, Borglum convinced Robinson that American presidents would have far more appeal. The Mount Rushmore attraction was born, though it was Robinson who alone would be known as “the Father of Mount Rushmore.”
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Mount Rushmore once featured Western heroes alongside American presidents.
Borglum has become more famous than Robinson since the 1920s.
The Mount Rushmore carvings led to frequent conflict between Robinson and Borglum.
Robinson and Borglum both contributed to the Mount Rushmore project
Behn Zeitlin’s film Beasts of the Southern Wild features mythical creatures known as aurochs, which resemble massive black boars. Sequences depicting these beings encourage viewers to reflect on the fragility of ecosystems and the harsh struggle for survival that can take place throughout nature. However, the actual existence of the aurochs within the world of the film is a source of uncertainty: they could be a living species within the alternate universe of the film, or they could simply be imagined by the film’s protagonist, a six-year-old girl named Hushpuppy.
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Recently, critics have arrived at a consensus about the role of the aurochs in Beasts of the Southern Wild.
Beasts of the Southern Wild features a variety of fantasy elements.
Hushpuppy develops a more realistic view of the world in Beasts of the Southern Wild.
Although the aurochs are central to Beasts of the Southern Wild, questions remain about the status of these creatures.
Edward Hopper’s paintings of solitary individuals can evoke ambivalent feelings, even though these paintings mostly represent calm, orderly scenes. His 1953 canvas Office in a Small City is a case in point. Here, an office worker sits firmly behind his desk and stares out the wide window of a concrete building. Is this a man who finds a sense of serene purpose in his work? Or, perhaps, is this a man who feels hemmed in by his surroundings and has resigned himself to a job that is predictable and unfulfilling?
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Edward Hopper’s paintings, such as Office in a Small City, have the power to stir up conflicting reactions.
Edward Hopper’s Office in a Small City represents a departure from Hopper’s earlier approach to painting.
Important details from Office in a Small City allude to conflicts in Edward Hopper’s own life.
Several paintings by Edward Hopper depict office work as fundamentally useless.
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